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定语从句
发表于：2016-05-11阅读：19次
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定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句（与先行词关系紧密）和非限制性定语从句（与先行词的关系没有那么紧密） 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 先行词是人：who,whom,that,whose Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） He is the man to whom I talked yesterday=He is the man that/who I talked to yesterday.（介词甩到了关系代词之前） Is he the man whose father is your teacher? （whose前后的名词有从属关系） 先行词是物：which,that,whose A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（whose前后的名词有从属关系；先行词是物时，whose=of which） 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别： 不用that的情况： a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c) 多用who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. ②先行词为those, people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时 One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work. ④在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you. ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin. d)先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate. f)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be. 2 、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 3、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as常带有“正如”的意思。 As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 4、几个特殊的先行词的规定用法 This is the way in which/that/不填 he did the job. This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he did the job. This is the first time（次数）that/不填 we've done that. This is the time（时间） when/at which/that/不填 he did the job. |
